Understanding DNA Testing in Paternity Cases
At Heckert & Moreland Co. LPA, we frequently work with clients facing questions about paternity. Whether you’re a mother seeking child support, a father looking to establish custody rights, or someone unsure of their legal obligations, paternity matters can stir up strong emotions and long-term consequences.
In Ohio, DNA testing plays a central part in answering the critical question: who is the legal father?
Under Ohio family law, paternity must be established before a court can issue orders for custody, parenting time, or child support. While in some cases the process is straightforward, others may require scientific proof.
That’s where DNA testing becomes essential. Understanding how the system works, what rights and responsibilities come with confirmed paternity, and how Ohio courts treat DNA evidence is key to protecting yourself and your child.
In this article, we explain the legal and procedural aspects of DNA testing in paternity cases under Ohio family law, and how we assist clients at every stage of the process.
Why Paternity Matters in Ohio
In Ohio, when a child is born to unmarried parents, the biological father does not automatically have legal rights or responsibilities. That means he cannot make decisions about the child’s upbringing or request custody without first establishing paternity.
Under family law, establishing paternity creates a legal bond between the father and the child. This impacts:
The child’s right to financial support
The father’s right to visitation or custody
Inheritance rights
Medical history access
Legal identification, including birth certificates
DNA testing is often used to support or challenge claims of paternity. Once paternity is established, courts can issue orders that affect both parents’ legal obligations.
How DNA Testing Works in Ohio Paternity Cases
DNA testing in Ohio family law cases typically involves collecting a buccal (cheek) swab from the alleged father, the child, and sometimes the mother. The test compares genetic markers to determine the probability of a biological relationship. Modern DNA tests are extremely accurate and often show a probability of paternity greater than 99%.
Tests can be ordered by the court, requested by either party, or offered through the Ohio Child Support Enforcement Agency (CSEA). While private DNA tests are available, only court-approved or agency-administered tests are considered legally valid in family law proceedings.
We advise clients to rely on official testing channels to avoid problems with admissibility or chain of custody issues.
Voluntary vs. Involuntary Testing
In Ohio, parents can voluntarily establish paternity by signing an Acknowledgment of Paternity Affidavit. This often happens at the hospital at the time of the child’s birth. Once filed with the Ohio Department of Health, the acknowledgment carries the same legal weight as a court order.
However, if there’s a dispute—whether someone denies paternity or demands proof—the court can order DNA testing. Under Ohio family law, a judge has the authority to require testing to resolve the issue. Failing to comply with a court-ordered test can result in default rulings or other legal consequences.
Legal Consequences of DNA Results
A DNA test that confirms paternity becomes the foundation for future court orders. Once legal paternity is established, the father can:
Be ordered to pay child support
Request custody or parenting time
Be listed on the child’s birth certificate
Share legal decision-making rights
If the test excludes a man as the biological father, the court will not impose parental obligations on him unless paternity had already been established by other means, such as a signed acknowledgment or previous court order.
Ohio family law generally favors a child’s best interests, and accurate paternity results help courts make informed decisions about custody, support, and other matters.
Key Considerations in DNA-Based Paternity Cases
We often walk clients through several legal and personal considerations when paternity is uncertain or disputed. Here’s one list of the most important points to keep in mind under Ohio family law:
Timing Matters
Ohio has time limits on when paternity can be established. Legal actions must usually begin before the child turns 23. In some cases, deadlines are shorter, especially if custody or support orders already exist.Temporary Support Orders May Apply
While a case is pending, the court can issue temporary child support orders if evidence points to likely paternity. This protects the child during legal proceedings.Establishing Paternity Doesn’t Guarantee Custody
Just because a man is proven to be the biological father doesn’t mean he automatically gains custody. Courts will evaluate parenting ability, the child’s well-being, and the history of each parent’s involvement.False Assumptions Can Be Costly
If someone is incorrectly identified as the father and assumes legal responsibilities without testing, they may face long-term obligations—even if later DNA evidence says otherwise. Early testing is often the safest approach.The Court May Still Consider Emotional Bonds
In certain cases, especially when a man has acted as the child’s father for years, courts may consider the child’s emotional attachment—even if DNA testing later contradicts biological ties. These situations are evaluated carefully under family law standards.Mother’s Involvement May Be Required
Although DNA tests often focus on the alleged father and child, courts can order the mother to participate as well. Her sample helps improve the accuracy and legitimacy of the results.Testing Must Be Court-Approved
Home DNA kits might provide peace of mind but do not carry legal weight. Always pursue official channels when the test results will affect court decisions.
DNA Testing Through the Ohio Child Support Enforcement Agency
Ohio CSEA offers low-cost or no-cost DNA testing for families involved in child support or public assistance cases. Either parent can request a test through their local office. Once ordered, CSEA will coordinate appointments and send samples to an approved lab.
If the test confirms paternity, the agency can proceed with establishing child support and updating records. This often happens without the need for a formal court appearance. However, if either party disagrees with the findings or wishes to contest legal paternity, the case can be transferred to the court system for further review.
We frequently assist clients during this process—especially when questions arise about test reliability, participation, or what happens after results are received.
Disestablishing Paternity After DNA Testing
Occasionally, a man may already be listed as the legal father but later learns he is not the biological parent. Under Ohio family law, reversing or "disestablishing" paternity is possible but must be done quickly and carefully.
Courts will examine factors such as:
When the man learned about the possible error
Whether DNA testing has been performed
The extent of the man's involvement with the child
The best interests of the child
This process can be legally challenging. Simply presenting DNA results may not be enough to undo an acknowledgment or court order. Timing and documentation are critical, and we urge clients in this situation to contact us immediately.
How We Help in Paternity and DNA Disputes
At Heckert & Moreland Co. LPA, we approach each paternity case with the seriousness it deserves. Ohio family law gives parents and children important rights, but those rights are only as strong as the evidence behind them. DNA testing provides clarity—but only if handled correctly.
We assist with:
Filing motions to request DNA testing
Responding to court or CSEA testing orders
Preparing clients for court hearings
Challenging or defending test results
Filing for custody, parenting time, or support after paternity is confirmed
Disputing paternity when evidence raises doubts
Each case involves unique details, and we provide clear legal advice based on the facts, the test results, and Ohio law.
At Heckert & Moreland Co. LPA, we help parents use Ohio family law to protect their rights and create stronger futures for their children. We’re proud to serve Columbus, Ohio, and the surrounding areas. Call today.